3rd year student work: project 04 URBAN BUILDING [complex]

documentation of students work in progress....
images of student responses will follow the brief below


Project 04 - July-November 2015
URBAN BUILDING [simple and complex]
route [move]. Moment [pulse]. Place [belonging]
INTRODUCTION


This project seeks to move students’ thought process through-and-beyond accepted and binding definitions in architecture and urbanism. Finite definitions may be useful in describing exact conditions, however when terminology becomes canon, and remains unquestioned, there is a chance that one begins to separate realities. By fixating on classification, division and separation we risk overlooking the dynamic interfaces where these singular strands weave, loop, wind and snap. In this brief you are challenged to unpack constructed definitions, not simply as limited descriptions of understanding, but rather as multiple, varying aspects that shift and change. This project intends to challenge (even undermine) these traditional assumed limitations of urban categorisation and explore overlapping elements of urban fabric; people groups, spaces, places, networks, seen, unseen, defiant;
Johannesburg’s complex make-up offers opportunity and the promise of prospect to existing communities, new arrivals and long standing collectives. Increasing interest in inner-city development, from grass roots initiatives (the entrepreneurial thrust) to larger economies and related communities and user groups, calls for diverse and flexible approaches to planning and design for collected and connected precincts – resulting in initial on-the-ground strategies that engage with fine grain conditions of the city (the everyday realities of people) and developing these urban strategies into more appropriate urban and architectural responses at more sustainable levels. This project investigates these multiple actors and narratives, at various points through the spectrum of perceived/constructed formal-informal instances. 
image: Chris Saunders. The Piles, 2014
‘The body moves through space every day, and in architecture in cities that can be orchestrated. Not in a dictatorial fashion, but in a way of creating options, open-ended sort of personal itineraries within a building (and cities). And I see that as akin to cinematography or choreography, where episodic movement, episodic moments, occur…’
Antoine Predock
“Cities have always offered anonymity, variety, and conjunction, qualities best basked in by walking: one does not have to go into the bakery or the fortune-teller's, only to know that one might. A city always contains more than any inhabitant can know, and a great city always makes the unknown and the possible spurs to the imagination.” 
Rebecca Solnit: A History of Walking

A consistent condition, and parallel to current top down strategies at city level (Corridors of Freedom, development zones and CIDs) “unplanned” realities are fast becoming commonplace in rapidly growing cities.  These unplanned instances can be read as organic responses to more strategic cases, remaining as ‘unseen’ (whether by default or deliberate) conditions from the city’s perspective. These cases include without limitation; schools, trade hubs, transport interchange points, appropriation and inhabitation of left-over spaces in and around formal development, privatised housing and opportunistic commercial developments. There are clues in this condition – an inhabitable interface weaving between the traditionally defined formal and informal binary division- this ‘space between’ suggests possibilities of hybrid programmes and urban activities where developments (driven by the City) could promote and support more inclusive and diverse users at varying scales; community, neighbourhood, precincts…
This project integrates all programme streams in both 2nd and 3rd years in the undergraduate programme (D+T, R+R, PRAG) serving as a continuation of methods and processes for each initiated in the 1st semester (requirements and outcomes outlined below). This brief is a cumulative finale to the previous series of briefs focusing your skills and interests as an integrated practice. The design challenge can be simply framed; a mixed-use, multi storey building in the inner city. Each year will have varying requirements for programme and complexity, details to this follow in the brief.

In summary; Year02 Observe – SIMPLE BUILDING; Year03 Translate – COMPLEX BUILDING.

PROJECT BRIEF
Your design challenge is to engage the needs for dwelling and livelihood (at varying scales). The design of site and surrounds should be such that it should be easily identified as a well located urban arrangement of multiple programmes whilst maintaining a balanced inclusive consideration of diverse urban dwellers/users.
Students’ approaches must incorporate previous design drivers (Shelter. Landscape. Topography. Topology. History. Meaning. Networks. Connections.) as influences to observation, design, and realization - engaging with the complex nature of this precinct in Johannesburg.
02OBSERVE
Vignette:
Using the notion of observe
(lens, detect, contain, sense…)
as a premise for research and design your brief is to design 3-4 storey (‘walk-up’) simple building imbedded in the context. Your building should make interesting and useful connections to existing services and structure, tapping into latent potential of the current realities of this part of the city. This can be considered the ‘1st questioning’ of realities, intended to develop an understanding and awareness of multiple, co-existent urban realities, and how to meaningfully work within an urban context with a focus on a connected relationship between public and private with intentional shared spaces for various user groups.


Building Program:
-  On-ground public interface (focused to building entrance and immediate sidewalk)
-  Public amenity/retail/service (hinged to access point; food, supplies, health).
-  Generic vertical core for circulation and wet services (systematic planning and articulation).
-  Privacy/security mediation (moving through building)
-  Typical (repeated) floor plates for dwelling/shelter/housing + work/make/livelihood hybrid
-  Parking to service live-work

Intended User Groups:
-  Pedestrians
-  People living and working in the area
- A broad spectrum of compact and adaptable inhabitants

03TRANSLATE
Vignette:
Using the notion of translate
(interpret, transform, represent, embody…)
as a premise for research and design your brief is to design 10-15 storey complex building rooted in and informed by the context. Your building should make innovative and relevant connections to existing networks and systems, maximising latent potential of the current realities in Johannesburg. This can be approached as a speculative undertaking; from an understanding of existing conditions and influences you should begin to project possibilities, manipulate and affect urban fabric. This approach calls for an ability to understand complexity and deal with multiple instances simultaneously, generating hybrid arrangements of function and value.

Suggested Building Program:
-  A museum/gallery & performance space – outdoor, all-weather gathering space
-  An arrangement of dwellings; students, young families, artists, business people, artisans, etc (min 5 typologies should be considered – can be repeated as ‘typical)
-  A central studio/workshop/discussion space (related to the above) in which larger groups of public residents can 
interact
-  A crèche for the children of the building’s residents and employees
-  Hospitality spaces, including cafes, restaurants and bars (and any other urban amenities deemed necessary)
-  Commercial space for offices (3 floors with shared volumes, access, services)
-  Public spaces (smaller and larger spaces may be considered).
-  An open air cinema (publically accessible)
-  Spaces for trade and adaptive user defined uses
-  Parking to support the program
-  A defined transport drop-off/pick-up zone (pedestrian link to BRT with added opportunity and amenity). 


Intended User Groups:
-  Multiple, random and inclusive user groups Identified through urban analysis

In addition to satisfying the above programmatic and accommodation requirements your design must engage with; an urban environment/landscape in transition, walk-able networks and public connections, the dialogue between old and new, re-use + re-imagining + re-making.
PROJECT STAGES…
DESIGN + THEORY . REPRESENTATION + REALISATION . PRAGMATICS
PART 1 – URBAN INVESTIGATION AND UDF
Working in groups of 6-8 students per group (with students from both 2nd and 3rd years) you will investigate the precinct scale of this site. You are encouraged to make use of experimental and innovative mapping techniques including, but not limited to; live trace, story-boarding, photo documentation, movie+film, drawing, mapping and model making. This part of the project aims to generate 2 specific outputs per group; an Urban Design Framework (UDF) and a film based narrative communicating observed ‘stories’ and characters in and of the area.
OUTCOMES: Urban Design Framework. Context Model (can be shared by multiple groups). Filmic Narrative. Looser process and mapping catalogue.

IN PARALLEL:
While group work proceeds each student will need to kick-start theoretical thoughts at an urban scale to be included as content for the Theory Essay, details for essay follow below. At the same time all 3rd year students will need to start technical research into Urban zoning (CIDs, RSDFs etc), Development constraints and limitations at a practice consideration level, to be included in the Practice Folio, details follow below. All 2nd year students will start Design studies journal, documenting relevant content, observations and field trips during the course of the project, details for Design Studies Journal follow below.
CHARETTE – CONSOLIDATED UDF AND COLLECTIVE PRECINCT PLAN
This one-week urban design charette aims to consolidate information from the various UDFs towards a collective precinct plan, superimposing information from all groups to identify common themes, foci and development potential (i.e. pre-selection of sites for part 2, and initial concept parameters).
PRECEDENT
Each student must select a well documented precedent study. The precedent study must relate to the project brief in terms of common urban themes (similar city characteristics, shared complexities to JHB). The precedent study must offer content for analysis including; contextual relationships, programme arrangement, access, public interface, servicing, structural innovation/performance, tectonic resolution, material performance, and further to be expanded in discussion.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR SPACE AND STRUCTURE
The intention of the charette week is to allow each group to refine their UDF proposals in relation to other key findings from other groups (potential oversights/omissions in singular group research) leading to a final UDF proposal. This UDF will set the scene for Part 2 - SDP. The final UDF should earmark potential sites for development, theses sites should be 'unpacked' by describing extent and allowance for development (rules and guidelines from the UDF regarding; coverage, setbacks, public amenity, etc.). During this process each student is required to develop a set of design tools generated by critically analysing the selected precedent study.
Design tools should include (not limited to):
- Urban form-making (contextual massing)
- Orientation and climatic response
- Access and circulation
- Structure
- Programmatic relationships inter-related
- Tectonics
- Materiality
- Growth and adaptability
- Public Interface/amenity (how urban elements, related to the body, perform, interact, provide…)
The outcome of this particular point of study must result in a concise personal brief for ‘Public interface design and build’, more details to be extended in verbal briefing.
The deliverable for R&R will be the compilation of your urban interface/amenity brief.  In other words, you are to write your own brief on what you will be designing for the urban interface/amenity.  Note that the brief should be comprehensive and should include a description of what the object is to achieve.  For example a ‘bench’ is not sufficient, but a ‘place for people to sit (or stand or lie) alone (or with others) for contemplation (or social interaction)’ etc, would be more appropriate.  Briefs should be no longer than one written page.
Please keep in mind that you will ultimately be building your proposed structure and the brief therefore needs to be achievable in terms of time, money and complexity.   As you know, I am all for pushing boundaries but it is pointless to push boundaries by designing things which are unachievable.  Your brief once again needs to be both practical and poetic, with the added component of affordable.
These principles should be explored in sketch books and sketch models.NOTE: These are initial starting principles (a tool kit that can be applied) for 'good design practice'. You are not yet conceptualising your building. This will come within the SDP process. The main aim is to reach Final UDFs and a set of design principles (extracted from precedent) to be employed in the Part 2 - SDP.
OUTCOMES: Consolidated UDF and collective precinct plan. Best practice design tool kit. Public interface/amenity brief.

PART 2 – SITE CONCEPT AND SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Working in groups of 3 students per group (2x3rd years + 1x2nd year) you are tasked to select a city block within the precinct as your collective site of investigation and design. This selection must be informed by design drivers and opportunities identified in Part 1 UDF. All urban influences should be taken into account when developing the site concept. This part of the project aims to generate 2 main outputs; a collective ‘SDP’ for all students working on the selected portion of the UDF and for each student - a concept for the portion of the block, the site of your building. You are encouraged to form interesting site relationships with other group members’ specific site; abutting, adjoin, interconnected in interesting ways. You are encouraged to make use of multiple study models investigating urban massing, building orientation, structural concepts, tectonics, systems, public interfacing, etc..
 
OUTCOMES:
Site Development Plan. Final Concept presentation (Models and drawings).

IN PARALLEL:
While group work proceeds each student will need to kick-start technical thoughts related to servicing and structure, to be included in the Technical Folio, details follow below. Each students will need to identify a precedent (suitable urban scale project to be confirmed through conversation with lecturers) to inform this part as well as generate content for the Theory Essay. At the same time 3rd year students will need extend practice considerations to a site focused level, looking into zoning, rights, constraints and limitations, heritage implications, for building on this specific site. 2nd years to continue Design Stud Journal and initiate Sustainable Design report.


PART 3 – DETAIL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
From this part onwards students will embark on independent design projects, although working collectively will remain useful for critical input from your colleagues. In Part 3 you are to proceed with detail design development, refining conceptual intentions from Part 2. Your thinking should include both practical technical aspects and innovative methods of making architecture in cities.

OUTCOMES: Final Design presentation (Models, drawings and other required medium/s).

IN PARALLEL:
All students continue Technical Folio, at this point you should identify critical details for development in the following part of the project. 2nd year students will be tasked to research construction methodology for appropriately scaled systems; structure, systems, etc. Continue Theory Essay. 3rd year students continue Practice Folio. 2nd years to continue Design Studies Journal.


PART 4 – REALISATION AND TECHNICAL RESOLUTION
This final stage of the project has been allocated the most time in the programme in order to facilitate thorough resolution of your final design schemes. Various exercises will be issued to inform in-depth, detail focused, design thinking. It is at this point of the project where the making of architecture (technically, poetically, theoretically) comes to the fore of your design process. Students will be tasked with various methods to accomplish this resolution including; material studies, building performance, construction fundamentals, innovative methods, physical detail builds, and the like. Final sub-brief for this stage will be issued at the beginning of the stage.

OUTCOMES: Final technical resolution. Final architectural design presentation; hybrid visual language marrying technical thought, concept, and theory – the most appropriate representation language to fully communicate your scheme from inception to realization.

IN PARALLEL:
All students complete; Technical Folio, Theory Essay. 3rd year students complete Practice Folio. 2nd years complete Design Studies Journal.

PROJECT STAGES SUMMARY













PROJECT LONG ASSIGNMENTS – ESSAY, FOLIOS, JOURNAL
DESIGN STUDIES JOURNAL: 2ND YEAR ONLY
A week-by-week journal of notes and thoughts generating a
critical reflection of the influence of art and design theory in cities and society. This journal must track all field trips/visits/exhibitions experienced thrtough the project. The journal must culminate with a 300-500 word formal summary (‘article’) and series of sketches and analytical diagrams.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REPORT: 2ND YEAR ONLY
A file-format collection of precedents, research, in-course notes, observations within the context, developing a critical stance and understanding of sustainability concepts/products/applications and environmentally responsive design in cities and architecture.

THEORY ESSAY: Both years

2nd year essay instruction
A critical reflection of your current design process and concept. 
This inquiry should primarily reference design principles derived from your precedent study (both practical and theoretical). 
These design principles should be critiqued in terms of relevance and appropriateness in direct relation to the context of your site within Johannesburg as a South African City.  Original and sourced diagrams and images are to be included throughout your essay at relevant points.
For the 1st submission you are to implement the following outline as a starting structure;
Title: A short, themed and catchy (interesting) paper title capturing your focus in the form of Main Title. And Subtext. for example; What is Urban Architecture? A study of people and function.

Abstract: +- 200 word statement of what your paper will investigate. State the purpose/interest upfront. This will later form your essay introduction.

Paragraph Key words: 'Topic' words or sentences to lay out your intentions for the essay in key points. Roughly 8-10 key topics should equate to word count.

Conclusion: Imagined summary points (similar to topic words above) pointing to your intended outcome. (this will change as you progress with development)

References/Bibliography: Sources consulted. Referenced as per attached handout.

Your essay must not exceed 1500 words in total and should include a minimum of 5 images/diagrams.

3rd year essay instruction
A theoretical unpacking of your design concept. 
This inquiry should; draw on design principles derived from your precedent study (both practical and theoretical).
These principles should be 'unpacked', in reference to your selected theoretical text, to articulate opportunities for architecture and urban development related to your site of choice, as a particular condition of Johannesburg.
Your essay should conclude with a summary of the contextual and societal impacts of your proposed scheme. 
You are required to reflect and critically summarise the various project themes experienced throughout this year as a framing introduction to this essay.  Original diagrams and images are to be included throughout your essay at relevant points.
For the 1st submission you are to implement the following outline as a starting structure;
Title: A short, themed and catchy (interesting) paper title capturing your focus in the form of Main Title. And Subtext. for example; What is Urban Architecture? A study of people and function.

Abstract: +- 200 word statement of what your paper will investigate. State the purpose/interest upfront. This will later form your essay introduction.

Paragraph Key words (as place holders for the main body): Topic words or sentences to lay out your intentions for the essay in key points. Roughly 12-18 key topics should equate to word count.

Conclusion/discussion: Imagined summary points (similar to topic words above) pointing to your intended outcome. (this will change as you progress with development)

References/Bibliography: Sources consulted. Referenced as per attached handout.

Your essay must not exceed 2500 words in total.
   

SUBMISSION FORMATTING
Essays must be submitted in word (.doc or .docx) format via email to this email address.
You must title your word file as such:
draft1_surname_name_studnumber_yearofstudy_date(yr.mo.day)
as example: draft1_wright_eric_720023615_03_20150814

TECHNICAL FOLIO: Both years
This component starts at the very beginning of the project and will run full-course in parallel to project developments. This folio will serve as a technical ‘library’ of information to be drawn on in the technical development stages of the project. Content will be generated through lectures, discussions, independent research and on site observations.

PRACTICE FOLIO: 3RD YEAR ONLY
This folio aims to capture a simulation of professional practice processes. Students are tasked to investigate the SAIA client architect agreement and SACAP breakdown of work stages in order to inform the composition of this folio. The information included should cover contractual and administrative aspects of architectural projects as well as actual project information including all project stages (this brief) as summarized sections in the folio.


RECOMMENDED READING

http://ideas.ted.com/5-rules-for-making-creative-cities-from-buildings-to-buses/
http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/new-planning-tool-mit-city-form-lab-una-rhino-3d
http://atlincolnhouse.typepad.com/weblog/2015/07/the-past-and-future-of-zoning.html
http://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2012/03/12/from-line-to-hyperreality.html
http://archinect.com/news/article/54767042/drawing-architecture-conversation-with-perry-kulper

Lynch K. The Image of the City. Harvard-MIT. 1960
Bacon E. Design of Cities. Penguin. 1976
Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House. 1993 [1961]
Allen E, Iano J. The Architect’s Studio Companion. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 2002
Bremner. Writing the City into Being: Essays on Johannesburg 1998-2008
Martin J. Murray, City of Extremes: The Spatial Politics of Johannesburg. Durham: Duke University Jimenez Lai. Citizens of No Place: An Architectural Graphic Novel. 2012
ARCHITECTIVE: Building Construction Standards for South Africa. 2013
Leach N. Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory. Routledge. 1997
Eco U. The Open Work. Harvard University Press. 1989
Allen E, Iano J. The Architect’s Studio Companion. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 2002
Bremner. Writing the City into Being: Essays on Johannesburg 1998-2008
Martin J. Murray, City of Extremes: The Spatial Politics of Johannesburg. Durham: Duke


CONTEXT and SITE
Every city has a unique chemistry. “We have a duty to protect the idiosyncrasies we discover in each city, and not treat them like luxuries,” Read more: http://ideas.ted.com/5-rules-for-making-creative-cities-from-buildings-to-buses/
Westgate, an area of some 94 hectares, is in one of the city’s oldest suburbs, Ferreirasdorp, where the tent town of Joburg began its life. It has been lying vacant for the past several decades. Much of the land is owned by three companies – the Johannesburg Land Company, Standard Bank and Iprop…
It is conveniently situated alongside the M1 and M2 freeways, and close to Chinatown and Chancellor House, both of which are undergoing refurbishment. Main Street Mall and Newtown lead directly out of Westgate; both areas have had major investment in the past five years…
Read more: http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6361:westgate-about-to-take-off&catid=166:inner-city&Itemid=254#ixzz3fJ6KTQD6
Eric Itzkin, of the Arts, Culture and Heritage Directorate of City’s Community Development Department, says the trail in the Westgate Precinct provides a unique glimpse into Johannesburg’s rich and diverse past. Running along Fox Street, the heritage trail takes visitors past Chancellor House, which accommodated the law offices of former president Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo; the Shadow Boxer statue, through to Kapitan’s Oriental in Kort Street, where visitors can sample authentic Indian cuisine. Kapitan’s was the two ANC veterans’ favourite curry restaurant. Public art is a major tourism draw card for the City.
Read more: http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9329:jozis-changing-face-changing-lives&catid=88:news-update&Itemid=266#ixzz3fJ7rCAqE




















































SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS (project outcomes)

02OBSERVE
 PART 1:
Urban Design Framework
Context Model
Filmic Narrative
Mapping process catalogue
Technical study  – physical observations (folio)

Charette:
Consolidated UDF and collective precinct plan (per group)
Shortlist of pre-selected sites for development.
Concept board (D+T & R+R) ties into Tech Folio

PART 2:
Site Development Plan.  (+ model, massing sections, principles)
Final Concept presentation (Models and drawings D+T & R+R).

PART 3:
Final Design presentation (Models, drawings and other required medium/s). Students must generate all necessary drawings, models etc, to fully describe their design; contextual response, urban network, site approach, materials, building complexity and performance, etc.

PART 4:
Final architectural design presentation; hybrid visual language marrying technical thought, concept, and theory – the most appropriate representation language to fully communicate your scheme from inception to realization.
Final technical resolution; all plans, sections, elevations, details, 3Ds, study models, presentation models, as required to fully describe a well resolved architectural scheme.

ESSAY:
2000 word essay

TECH FOLIO:
File format library of information and observations.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REPORT:
File format information pack

DES STUD JOURNAL:
Project-long journal of writing and sketches.
Final summary note and diagrams.


03TRANSLATE
PART 1:
Urban Design Framework
Context Model
Filmic Narrative
Mapping process catalogue
Material ‘context’ study  – physical observations (folio)
Material abstraction - R+R Material experiment (folio)

Charette:
Consolidated UDF and collective precinct plan (per group)
Shortlist of pre-selected sites for development.
Concept board (D+T & R+R) ties into Tech Folio
Full-scale detail (as a snapshot in the broader process) – set brief (form, force, material, connection)

PART 2:
Site Development Plan.  (+ model, massing sections, principles)
Final Concept presentation (Models and drawings D+T & R+R).
Full-scale detail (as a snapshot in the broader process) – design of
public interface

PART 3:
Final Design presentation (Models, drawings and other required medium/s). Students must generate all necessary drawings, models etc, to fully describe their design; contextual response, urban network, site approach, materials, building complexity and performance, etc.
Full-scale detail (as a snapshot in the broader process) – tech doc

PART 4:
Final architectural design presentation; hybrid visual language marrying technical thought, concept, and theory – the most appropriate representation language to fully communicate your scheme from inception to realization.
Final technical resolution; all plans, sections, elevations, details, 3Ds, study models, presentation models, as required to fully describe a well resolved architectural scheme.
Full-scale detail (as a snapshot in the broader process) – build & analysis

ESSAY:
2500 word essay

TECH FOLIO:
File format library of information and innovations.

PRAC FOLIO:
Simulated office file including contractual, administrative, design, resolution, specification processes.

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